Hingham, Massachusetts :: Hingham Massachusetts

Hingham, Massachusetts In 1633 settlers from Hingham, England landed on the south shore of Massachusetts. Soon after, my relatives arrived in Hingham, Massachusetts and our heritage has remained intact ever since. Eleanor Roosevelt traveled down Main St. Hingham and described it as the most beautiful Main Street in America. Ancestors of 16th president, Abraham Lincoln were among the first to arrive in Massachusetts and his massive statue in downtown Hingham helps people remember that. The oldest church with continuous use in the United States built in 1681 is located in Hingham also. The Old Ordinary, a tavern used by 17th century travelers is also among the historical features in Hingham Mass. Wompatuck State Park draws many naturalists and outdoor junkies with its 7 square miles of forest once used as an ammunition depot during WW II. These landmarks bring a unique group of tourists to the South Shore. The South Shore is also full of endless natural beauty. The surrounding secluded beaches and harbors on ly compliment the gorgeous lakes, rivers, cranberry bogs and acres of forest. The colors that appear in Hingham during autumn are exemplary of the New England autumnal foliage for which many travel to see. This historically cultured area is a beautiful, yet expensive home for thousands of people. Hingham, Massachusetts generally remains quiet and free from any intense excitement and terror. While walking down the shores of Hingham one can hear the quiet crashing of the waves and look out and see the big lights of Boston. Hingham and the rest of the south shore act as a safe haven from the big city life. The tourism that does affect Hingham is limited and does not significantly affect the local economy. There are activities of people that live within the surrounding areas that may affect the economy. Water sports become popular in the summer months which will affect boat sales, gas usage and smaller companies that operate around the use of boats such as yacht clubs. There is more activity in the areas that surround Hingham. To the south of Hingham is Hull, where the majority is built of people in the working class and others who only enjoy spending the pleasant summer days at there home. Hull attracts significantly more people in the summer time as it is a peninsula and a large part of the coast is beach. There are several small businesses that solely rely on summertime business.

Two truths and a lie

Emma lives in a foster home because her mom abandoned her in the hospital, and now lives with a family who has a foster mom who is mean and a foster brother who is always trying o get Emma in trouble or either trying to see her naked. Meanwhile Sutton went to a good home with a really loving family and she always gets what she wants and is loved by almost everybody. But one day really surprisingly Sutton disappeared.Lauren who is Cotton's sister but turns out to be a foster sister is really mean and disrespectful to Sutton is always trying to get her in trouble so Lauren can be the good kid in the family, Lauren always turns things around, if Sutton wants to help her, she twists the situation so Sutton would get blamed for it. She changed into a better errors when she got to know Sutton more because she didn't really pay attention to getting to know Sutton more, she Just paid attention to getting Sutton In trouble and not paying attention to Cotton's feelings nor emotions.As they bec ame closer hey started to trust each other more and they had an unbreakable bond. This book compares to other books Is that It caught my attention because I read the back of It and got interested in the book and I don't like too much books because I'm a picky reader, it takes me a while to find a book and get Interested In It so I was happy I found this book. The kind of reader who would Like this book Is a person who Likes fiction but I'm not sure If my book Is a fiction. What I notice about myself as a reader Is that I'm a slow reader and I get lazy sometimes and don't read at home but I try to read as much as can.My mall goal this month Is to read more books and try harder and put more effort In reading because It's going to help me In a long run and I'll know more about thing. I really want to read different kinds books. Two truths and a lie By Victoria-Hosanna getting to know Sutton more, she Just paid attention to getting Sutton in trouble and amperes to other books is that it caught my attention because I read the back of it reader, it takes me a while to find a book and get interested in it so I was happy I found this book.The kind of reader who would like this book is a person who likes fiction but I'm not sure if my book is a fiction. What I notice about myself as a reader is that I'm a slow reader and I get lazy sometimes and don't read at home but I try to read as much as can. My main goal this month is to read more books and try harder and put more effort in reading because it's going to help me in a long run and I'll

Viking Social Structure - Living in a Norse World

Viking social structure was highly stratified, with three ranks or classes which were written directly into Scandinavian mythology, as slaves (called thrall in Old Norse), farmers or peasants (karl), and the aristocracy (jarl or earl). Mobility was theoretically possible across the three strata—but in general, slaves were an exchange commodity, traded with the Arab caliphate as early as the 8th century CE, along with furs and swords, and to leave slavery was rare indeed.   That social structure was the result of several changes within Scandinavian society during the Viking age. Key Takeaways: Viking Social Structure The Vikings in and outside of Scandinavia had a three-tier social structure of slaves, peasants, and elites, established and confirmed by their origin myth.The earliest rulers were military warlords called drotten, who were selected from warriors based on merit, only in power during wartime, and subject to assassination if they gained too much power.  Peacetime kings were selected from the elite class and they traveled throughout the region and met people in halls built in part for that purpose. Most provinces were largely autonomous of the kings, and the kings were also subject to regicide. Pre-Viking Social Structure According to archaeologist T.L. Thurston, Viking social structure had its origins with the warlords, called drott, which had become established figures in Scandinavian society by the late 2nd century. The drott was primarily a social institution, resulting in a pattern of behavior in which warriors selected the most adept leader and pledged fealty to him. The drott was an ascribed (earned) title of respect, not an inherited one; and these roles were separate from the regional chieftains or petty kings. They had limited powers during peacetime. Other members of the drotts retinue included: drang or dreng—a young warrior (plural droengiar)  thegn—a mature warrior (plural thegnar)  skeppare—captain of a chiefly vesselhimthiki—housekarls or the lowest rank of elite soldiersfolc—the population of a settlement Viking Warlords to Kings Power struggles among Scandinavian warlords and petty kings developed in the early 9th-century and these conflicts resulted in the creation of dynastic regional kings and a secondary elite class which competed directly with the drotts. By the 11th century, Late Viking societies were led by powerful, aristocratic dynastic leaders with hierarchical networks including lesser religious and secular leaders. The title given to such a leader was that of respect rather: old kings were frea, meaning respected and wise; younger ones were drotten, vigorous and warlike. If an overlord became too permanent or ambitious, he could be assassinated, a pattern of regicide which continued in Viking society for a long time.   An early important Scandinavian warlord was the Danish Godfred (also spelled Gottrick or Gudfred), who by 800 CE had a capital at Hedeby, inherited his status from his father and an army set to attack his neighbors. Godfred, probably overlord over the federated south Scandinavia, faced a powerful enemy, the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne. But a year after victory over the Franks, Godfred was assassinated by his own son and other relations in 811. Viking Kings Most Viking kings were, like warlords, chosen based on merit from the earl class. The kings, sometimes called chieftains, were primarily itinerant political leaders, who never had any permanent role over the whole realm. The provinces were almost entirely autonomous, at least until the reign of Gustav Vasa (Gustav I of Sweden) in the 1550s.   Each community had a hall where political, legal and perhaps religious matters were dealt with, and banquets were held. The leader met his people in the halls, established or reestablished bonds of friendship, his people swore oaths of allegiance and gave the leader gifts, and proposals of marriage were made and settled. He may have held a high priest role in cultic rituals.   Norse Halls Archaeological evidence concerning the roles of jarl, karl, and thrall is limited, but medieval historian Stefan Brink suggests that separate halls were constructed for the use of the different social classes. There was the house of the thrall, the banqueting hall of the peasant, and the banqueting hall of the nobleman.   Brink notes that in addition to being places where the itinerant king held court, halls were used for trade, legal, and cultic purposes. Some were used to house specialized craftsman in high-quality forging and skilled handicrafts or to present cult performances, attendance by specific warriors and housecarls, etc.   Archaeological Halls The foundations of large rectangular buildings interpreted as halls have been identified in numerous sites through Scandinavia and into the Norse diaspora. Banqueting halls ranged between 160–180 feet (50–85 meters) long, and 30–50 ft (9–15 m).  Ã‚  Some examples are: Gudme on Fyn, Denmark, dated to 200–300 CE, 47x10 m, with ceiling beams 80 cm in width and equipped with a double doorway, located east of the Gudme hamlet.  Lejre on Zealand, Denmark, 48x11, thought to represent a guild hall; Lejre was the seat of Viking age kings of ZealandGamla Uppsala in Uppland, central Sweden, 60 m long built on a man-made platform of clay, dated to the Vendel period CE 600–800, located near a medieval royal estateBorg on Vetvagoy, Lofoten in northern Norway, 85x15 m with cultic thin gold plates and imports of Carolingian glass. Its foundations built over an older, slightly smaller (55x8 m) hall dated to the Migration Period 400–600Hogom in Medelpad, 40x7–5 m, includes a high seat in the house, an elevated base in the middle of the building, thought to have had several purposes, high seat, banqueting hall room and assembly hall   Mythic Origins of Classes According to the Rigspula, a mythic-ethnologic poem collected by Saemund Sigfusson at the end of the 11th or beginning of the 12th century CE, Heimdal, the sun god sometimes called Rigr, created the social classes at the beginning of time, when the earth was lightly populated. In the tale, Rigr visits three houses and engenders the three classes in order.   Rigr first visits Ai (Great Grandfather) and Edda (Great Grandmother) who live in a hut and feed him husk-filled bread and broth. After his visit, the child Thrall is born. The children and grandchildren of Thrall are described as having black hair and an unsightly countenance, thick ankles, coarse fingers, and of being a low and deformed stature. Historian Hilda Radzin believes this is a direct reference to the Lapps, who were reduced to a state of vassalage by their Scandinavian conquerors. Next, Rigr visits Afi (Grandfather) and Amma (Grandmother), who live in a well-built house where the Afi is making a loom and his wife is spinning. They feed him stewed calf and good food, and their child is called Karl (freeman). Karls offspring have red hair and florid complexions.   Finally, Rigr visits Fadir (Father) and Modir (Mother) living in a mansion, where he is served roast pork and game birds in silver dishes. Their child is Jarl (Noble). The nobles children and grandchildren have blond hair, bright cheeks, and eyes as fierce as a young serpent. Sources Brink, Stefan. Political and Social Structures in Early Scandinavia: A Settlement-Historical Pre-Study of the Central Place. TOR 28 (1996): 235–82. Print.Cormack, W. F. Drengs and Drings. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. Eds. Williams, James and W. F. Cormack, 2000. 61–68. Print.Lund, Niels. Scandinavia, c. 700–1066. The New Cambridge Medieval History c.700–c.900. Ed. McKitterick, Rosamond. Vol. 2. The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 202–27. Print.Radzin, Hilda. Names in the Mythological Lay Rigspula. Literary Onomastics Studies 9.14 (1982). Print.Thurston, Tina L. Social Classes in the Viking Age: Contentious Relations. C. Ed. Thurston, Tina L. Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. London: Springer, 2001. 113–30. Print.